What is Ransomware?

RansomwareRansomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim's files or locks their systems, then demands a ransom payment — typically in cryptocurrency — in exchange for the decryption key.

Ransomware Explained in Detail

Ransomware attacks have evolved from opportunistic "spray-and-pray" campaigns into highly targeted, multi-stage operations. Modern ransomware groups operate as businesses — complete with customer support, affiliates, and even SLAs.

Common Ransomware Kill Chain

  1. Initial access — Phishing email, exposed RDP, or exploited vulnerability.
  2. Lateral movement — Attackers move through the network, escalating privileges.
  3. Exfiltration — Sensitive data is stolen before encryption (double extortion).
  4. Encryption — Files are encrypted and a ransom note is displayed.
  5. Extortion — Threat to publish stolen data if ransom is not paid.

Prevention

Key defences include regular backups, network segmentation, endpoint detection and response (EDR), patch management, and employee security awareness training.

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